Geriatric Depression Scale

Content
Basic information

Name: Geriatric Depression Scale

Abbreviation: GDS

Versions: 7

Synonyms: 68

Description: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a self-report measure of depression in older adults. Users respond in a “Yes/No” format. The GDS was originally developed as a 30-item instrument. Since this version proved both time-consuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15-item version was developed. The shortened form (GDS-S) is comprised of 15 items chosen from the Geriatric Depression Scale-Long Form (GDS-L). These 15 items were chosen because of their high correlation with depressive symptoms in previous validation studies (Sheikh & Yesavage, 1986). Of the 15 items, 10 indicate the presence of depression when answered positively while the other 5 are indicative of depression when answered negatively. This form can be completed in approximately 5 to 7 minutes, making it ideal for people who are easily fatigued or are limited in their ability to concentrate for longer periods of time. The 30-item and 15-item versions are widely used in caregiving research (e.g., Fauth et al., 2013, and Gaugler et al., 2015, and Gaugler et al., 2014 and Dissanayaka et al., 2017, respectively). A validation study was conducted by Sheikh and Yesavage (1986) in which the GDS-S was compared to the GDS-L in differentiating depressed from non-depressed patients. Both measures were successful in classifying the 2 populations accurately with a reported correlation of r = .84, p < .001. Briefer 10-, 4-, and 1-item versions also have been developed. The GDS-S can be used appropriately in diverse populations (e.g., Luchsinger et al., 2018). (, https://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/geriatric-depression)

Reference: Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, Leirer VO. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of psychiatric research. 1982-1983. PMID: 7183759.

How to download: click here

Temporal prevalence

Distribution in different diseases

Distribution in different versions

# version trials
1 Geriatric Depression Scale 192
2 Geriatric Depression Scale-15 35
3 Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form 22
4 Geriatric Depression Scale-10 2
5 Geriatric Depression Scale-30 2
6 Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean 2
7 Geriatric Depression Scale-5 1
Complementary instruments

# instruments trials
1 Mini-Mental State Examination 109
2 Neuropsychiatric Inventory 75
3 Montreal Cognitive Assessment 74
4 Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale 52
5 Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale 46
6 Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale 42
7 Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 42
8 Clinical Dementia Rating Scale 39
9 Trail Making Test 39
10 Zarit Burden Interview 37
11 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living 35
12 Activities of Daily Living 30
13 Short Form Health Survey 23
14 EQ-5D 22
15 Time Up and Go Test 22
16 Digit Span Task 21
17 Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study 20
18 Stroop Test 17
19 Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test 17
20 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index 15
21 Boston Naming Test 15
22 Clinical Global Impression 13
23 Clock Drawing Test 13
24 Barthel Index 13
25 Short Physical Performance Battery 12
26 Fall Efficacy Scale 11
27 Parkinson Anxiety Scale 11
28 Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia 10
29 Category Fluency Test 10
30 Dementia Quality of Life Instrument 10
31 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 10
32 Wechsler Memory Scale 10
33 World Health Organization Quality of Life 10
34 Apathy Evaluation Scale 9
35 Frontal Assessment Battery 9
36 Geriatric Anxiety Inventory 9
37 Schwab and England Activities on Daily Living Scale 9
38 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 9
39 Functional Activities Questionnaire 8
40 Beck Depression Inventory 8
41 Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 8
42 Epworth Sleepiness Scale 8
43 Controlled Oral Word Association Test 8
44 Sit to Stand Test 8
45 Non-Motor Symptoms Scale 8
46 Fatigue Severity Scale 8
47 Disability Assessment for Dementia Scale 7
48 Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease 7
49 Digit Symbol Substitution Test 7
50 Berg Balance Scale 7
51 Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status 7
52 Perceived Stress Scale 7
53 Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale 7
54 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale 6
55 Visual Analogue Scale 6
56 California Verbal Learning Test 6
57 Neuropsychological Test Battery 6
58 Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test 6
59 Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life 6
60 Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale 6
61 Smell Identification Test 6
62 Resource Utilization in Dementia Scale 5
63 Symbol Digit Modalities Test 5
64 Verbal Fluency Test 5
65 Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale 5
66 Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale 5
67 Hoehn and Yahr Scale 5
68 Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test 5
69 International Physical Activity Questionnaire 5
70 Balance Evaluation System Test 5
71 Minute Walk Test 5
72 Geriatric Anxiety Scale 5
73 UCLA Loneliness Scale 5
74 Clinician's Interview Based Impression of Change 4
75 Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale 4
76 Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test 4
77 Logical Memory Test 4
78 Auditory Verbal Learning Test 4
79 Caregiver Burden Inventory 4
80 Patient Health Questionnaire 4
81 Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale 4
82 Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly 4
83 Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination 4
84 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 4
85 Brief Visuospatial Memory Test 4
86 National Institutes of Health Toolbox 4
87 Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly 4
88 Insomnia Severity Index 4
89 Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory 3
90 Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist 3
91 Functional Assessment Staging Test 3
92 Physical Self-Maintenance Scale 3
93 Color Trails Test 3
94 Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System 3
95 Beck Anxiety Inventory 3
96 Impact of Events Scale 3
97 Positive and Negative Affect Schedule 3
98 Penn State Worry Questionnaire 3
99 Rating Anxiety In Dementia 3
100 Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly 3
101 Relative Stress Scale 3
102 Pleasant Events Schedule 3
103 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale 3
104 Patient Global Impression 3
105 Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 3
106 Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire 3
107 Freezing of Gait Questionnaire 3
108 Senior Fitness Test 3
109 Eriksen Flanker Task 3
110 Global Physical Activity Questionnaire 3
111 Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy 3
112 Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale 3
113 Hooper Visual Organization Test 3
114 New Freezing of Gait Questionnaire 3
115 Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale 2
116 Hopkins Verbal Learning Test 2
117 Mattis Dementia Rating Scale 2
118 Profile of Mood States Questionnaire 2
119 Global Deterioration Scale 2
120 Quality of Life Questionnaire 2
121 Quality of Life Scale 2
122 Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale 2
123 Groton Maze Learning Task 2
124 CarerQol Instrument 2
125 General Self-Efficacy Scale 2
126 Lille Apathy Rating Scale 2
127 Wechsler Logical Memory Scale 2
128 Client Service Receipt Inventory 2
129 University of California San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA) 2
130 Block Design Test 2
131 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 2
132 Philadelphia Pain Intensity Scale 2
133 Interpersonal Reactivity Index 2
134 Meter Walk Test 2
135 N-Back Task 2
136 Investigator's Global Evaluation Scale 2
137 Neuropsychological Assessment Test 2
138 International Shopping List Test 2
139 Walking While Talking Test 2
140 Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment 2
141 Semantic Fluency Test 2
142 Digit Symbol Coding Task 2
143 Memory Alteration Test 2
144 Starkstein Apathy Scale 2
145 Oral Symbol Digit Modalities Test 2
146 International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids 2
147 Food Frequency Questionnaire 2
148 Lifetime Total Physical Activity Questionnaire 2
149 Letter Fluency Task 2
150 Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders 2
151 Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale 2
152 Revised Self-Monitoring Scale 2
153 The Awareness of Social Inference Test 2
154 System Usability Scale 2
155 Holden Communication Scale 2
156 Finger Tapping Test 2
157 Menorah Park Engagement Scale 2
158 World Health Organization Well-Being Index 2
159 Tinetti Scale 2
160 Functional Reach Test 2
161 Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire 2
162 Caregiver Self-Assessment Questionnaire 2
163 Loneliness Scale 2
164 Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire 2
165 Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale 2
166 Manual Muscle Testing 2
167 Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale 2
168 Swallow Disturbance Questionnaire 2
169 Locomotor Rehabilitation Index 2
170 Movement Disorder Society-Non-Motor Rating Scale 2
171 Patient Reported Outcome-Parkinson's Disease 2
172 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale 1
173 Frontal Behavioral Inventory 1
174 Depression Rating Scale 1
175 SSDQ 1
176 Questionnaire of Feeling of Competency 1
177 Benton Visual Retention Task 1
178 Complex Figure Test 1
179 Figure Copy and Recall Task 1
180 Grooved Pegboard Test 1
181 Visual Memory Test 1
182 Interview for Deterioration of Daily Living in Dementia 1
183 Mastery Scale 1
184 Sense of Competence Questionnaire 1
185 Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale 1
186 Delayed Word Recall 1
187 Digit Cancellation Test 1
188 Hierarchic Dementia Scale 1
189 Caregiver Strain Index 1
190 Functional Linguistic Communication Inventory 1
191 Mini Nutritional Assessment 1
192 Tower of London Test 1
193 Functional Assessment Questionnaire 1
194 Everyday Memory Checklist 1
195 Patients Rated Health Related Quality of Life 1
196 Proxy-rated Health Related Quality of Life of the patient (cpQol-AD) 1
197 Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument 1
198 Cognitive Drug Research Battery 1
199 Apathy Inventory 1
200 Nottingham Health Profile 1
201 Single Life Satisfaction Question 1
202 CogState 1
203 F-A-S Test 1
204 Frontal Systems Behavior Scale 1
205 Neurological Test Battery 1
206 Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale 1
207 Behavioural Activity Rating Scale 1
208 American National Adult Reading Test 1
209 Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia 1
210 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale 1
211 Letter Number Sequencing task 1
212 Physical Performance Test 1
213 Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adults 1
214 State Trait Anger Expression Inventory 1
215 Stress Coping Inventory 1
216 Johns Hopkins Dementia Care Needs Assessment 1
217 Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale 1
218 SURFS 1
219 Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale 1
220 Burden Inventory 1
221 Mutuality Scale 1
222 Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis 1
223 Word Fluency Test 1
224 Caregiver Burden Scale 1
225 Health Care Resources Utilization Questionnaire 1
226 Dual Task Paradigm 1
227 Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test 1
228 Identification Test 1
229 Neuropsychiatric Test Battery 1
230 Health Utilities Index 1
231 Pattern Recognition Memory 1
232 Rapid Visual Information Processing 1
233 Spatial Working Memory 1
234 Partner-Patient Questionnaire for Shared Activities 1
235 Dot Counting Test 1
236 Family Assessment Measure 1
237 Physical Functioning Scale 1
238 Blessed Dementia Scale 1
239 DIAN-Multivariate Cognitive Endpoint 1
240 Attention Network Task 1
241 Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory 1
242 Facet Questionnaire 1
243 Self-Compassion Scale 1
244 Face-Name Associative Memory Test 1
245 Memory Complaint Questionnaire 1
246 Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly 1
247 Multilingual Naming Test 1
248 Everyday Cognition Scale 1
249 Quality of Drum Improvisation 1
250 Life Event Scale 1
251 Non Pharmacological Therapy Experience Scale 1
252 Client Satisfaction Questionnaire 1
253 Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination 1
254 Neuropsychological Inventory 1
255 Word List Memory Task 1
256 Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite 1
257 Young Mania Rating Scale 1
258 Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire 1
259 Mayo Fluctuations Scale 1
260 Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease 1
261 Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test 1
262 Activity and Social Participation Assessment 1
263 Client Oriented Scale of Improvement 1
264 Dichotic Digits Test 1
265 Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-Efficacy for Hearing Aids 1
266 Perception of Conversation Index-Dementia of the Alzheimer Type 1
267 Practical Hearing Test 1
268 Relationship Assessment Scale 1
269 Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life 1
270 Self-Assessment of Communication 1
271 Significant Other Assessment of Communication 1
272 Significant Other Scale for Hearing Disability 1
273 Social Support Questionnaire 1
274 Words-in-Noise Test 1
275 German Pain Questionnaire 1
276 Multiple-Choice Word Test 1
277 Sit and Reach Test 1
278 Letter Digit Substitution Test 1
279 Word Learning Test 1
280 Psychomotor Vigilance Task 1
281 Working Memory Task 1
282 Patient Relationship Quality-Mutuality Scale 1
283 Philadelphia Geriatric Pain Intensity Scale 1
284 Philadelphia Geriatric Center for Moral Scale 1
285 General Medical Health Rating 1
286 Hasegawa's Dementia Scale 1
287 Caregiving Appraisal Scale 1
288 Resource Use Inventory 1
289 Glasgow Coma Scale 1
290 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 1
291 Dementia Quality of Life Scale 1
292 Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire 1
293 Meta-Memory Questionnaire 1
294 Hayling Sentence Completion test 1
295 Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire 1
296 Four Mountains Test 1
297 Healthy Aging through Internet Counselling in the Elderly 1
298 Supermarket Trolley Virtual Reality Test 1
299 Swedish National study on Ageing and Care 1
300 Brief Parkinsonism Rating Scale 1
301 Semi-directive Psychiatric Interview 1
302 Attitude to Aging Questionnaire 1
303 Patient Dignity Inventory 1
304 Subjective Memory Complaint Questionnaire 1
305 Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology Questionnaire 1
306 World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 1
307 Bath Assessment of Subjective Quality of Life in Dementia 1
308 Hachinski Ischemic Score 1
309 Behaviour Approach Scale 1
310 Behaviour Inhibition Scale 1
311 Big Five Inventory 1
312 Interpersonal Adjective Scale 1
313 Social Behaviour Observer Checklist 1
314 Social Norms Questionnaire 1
315 Cancer Genetics Knowledge Scale 1
316 ClinSeq Knowledge Scale 1
317 Genetic Services Scale 1
318 Impact of Genetic Testing for Alzheimer's disease Scale 1
319 Remote Counseling Scale 1
320 Experiential Avoidance in Caregiving Questionnaire 1
321 Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit 1
322 Beauregard Tests 1
323 Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile 1
324 Music in Dementia Assessment Scale 1
325 Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire 1
326 Mayo Sleep Questionnaire 1
327 Life Satisfaction Scale 1
328 Affect and Activity Indicators of QOL 1
329 Behavioral Rating Scale 1
330 Caregiver Assessment Measure 1
331 Family Accommodation Scale for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder-Self Rated 1
332 Social Emotional Cognition Test 1
333 Raven's Progressive Matrices 1
334 Dyadic Relationship Scale 1
335 Clinical Test of Sensory Integration on Balance 1
336 Dizziness Handicap Inventory 1
337 Dynamic Gait Index 1
338 Dynamic Visual Acuity test 1
339 Falls Video Analysis Questionnaire 1
340 Head Impulse Test 1
341 Head Shake Test 1
342 Problematic Experiences of Therapy Scale 1
343 Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale 1
344 Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 1
345 Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease 1
346 Dementia Attitude Scale 1
347 Lesion Segmentation Toolbox 1
348 Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory 1
349 Edmonton Frail Scale 1
350 Questionnaire for Health-Related Resource Use in an Elderly Population 1
351 Story Memory Test 1
352 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders 1
353 Working Alliance Inventory 1
354 Katz Disability Scale 1
355 Memory Functioning Questionnaire 1
356 Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance 1
357 Flourishing Scale 1
358 Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support 1
359 Ashworth Scale 1
360 Advance Care Planning Engagement Survey 1
361 Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales of Semantic Interference and Learning 1
362 Para-Rodriguez Short-term Visual Memory Binding Test 1
363 Prospective Memory Test 1
364 Autobiographical Memory Interview 1
365 Community Integration Questionnaire 1
366 Entrevue Profil du Loisir 1
367 Famous Faces Test 1
368 Kessler Psychological Distress Scale 1
369 Satisfaction With Life Scale 1
370 Self-Evaluation Questionnaire 1
371 Quality of Primary Care Interactions 1
372 Alzheimer Disease-8 Indonesia Questionnaire 1
373 MiniCog Questionnaire 1
374 Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire 1
375 Validated Lequesne Index 1
376 Basel Verbal Learning Test 1
377 Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener 1
378 EQ-VAS 1
379 Stop Signal Task 1
380 Forgetfulness Assessment Inventory 1
381 Prosopagnosia Index 1
382 Florida Cognitive Activities Scale 1
383 Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observation Tool 1
384 Technology Usage Inventory 1
385 Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire 1
386 Functional Independence Measure 1
387 Pittsburg Rehabilitation Participation Scale 1
388 Dimensional Change Card Sort 1
389 Assessment of Quality of Life Questionnaire 1
390 Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire 1
391 Fullerton Functional Test 1
392 Quick Dementia Rating Scale 1
393 Iowa Gambling Test 1
394 Motivational Scale for Older Adults 1
395 Questionnaire of Cognitive Complaint 1
396 Lubben Social Network Scale 1
397 National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery 1
398 Word Pairs Associates Task 1
399 Technology Acceptance Model Questionnaire 1
400 Life Space Assessment 1
401 Narcissistic Personality Inventory 1
402 Instrument for Measuring Older People's Attitudes Toward Technology 1
403 Flanker Interference Task 1
404 tDCS User Survey 1
405 Single Leg Stance Test 1
406 Life Support Preferences Questionnaire 1
407 Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire 1
408 Abbreviated Mental Test 1
409 Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist for Dementia 1
410 Pool Activity Level Instrument 1
411 Questionnaire on Current Motivation 1
412 Functional Assessment Scale 1
413 Gottfries-Bråne-Steen Scale 1
414 Cybersickness Susceptibility Questionnaire 1
415 Older Americans Resources and Services Scale 1
416 Jefferson Scale of Empathy 1
417 Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 1
418 Arm Curl Test 1
419 Physical Health Questionnaire 1
420 Clinical Insight Rating Scale 1
421 Multiple Features Cancellation Task 1
422 Questionnaire of Identification of Deficits 1
423 Token Test 1
424 Stress Response Scale 1
425 Values Questionnaire 1
426 Balance Tracking System 1
427 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 1
428 Falls Behavioral Scale for Older People 1
429 Performance Assessment of Self-Care Skills 1
430 Dementia Behaviour Disturbance Scale 1
431 Leisure-Time Activities Questionnaire 1
432 Word and Category Fluency Test 1
433 Visual Object and Space Perception Battery 1
434 Group Climate Questionnaire 1
435 Group Satisfaction Scale 1
436 Brief Inventory of Thriving 1
437 Caregiver Guilt and Grief Scale 1
438 Mental Health Inventory 1
439 Relational Burnout/Load Scale 1
440 Relationship Satisfaction Scale 1
441 Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale 1
442 Autobiographical Memory Test 1
443 Southampton Nostalgia Scale 1
444 Identity-Alzheimer Moderate test 1
445 Perceived Control Questionnaire 1
446 Sense of Control Scale 1
447 Wechsler Test of Adult Reading 1
448 Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment-Geriatric 1
449 Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia 1
450 Multi-Directional Reach Test 1
451 Self Efficacy for Meaningful Activities 1
452 Beck Hopelessness Scale 1
453 Functional Comorbidity Index 1
454 Morse Fall Scale 1
455 EORTC Core Quality of Life Questionnaire 1
456 IPOS 1
457 Single Ease Question 1
458 Decision-Making Involvement Scale 1
459 Parkinson's Disease Specific Anxiety Inventory 1
460 Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 1
461 Engagement and Independence in Dementia Questionnaire 1
462 Music Engagement Questionnaire 1
463 Borg Rating Scale of Perceived Exertion 1
464 Communicative Participation Item Bank 1
465 Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview 1
466 Lorig Self-Efficacy Scale 1
467 Functional Gait Assessment 1
468 Snaith Clinical Anxiety Scale 1
469 Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale 1
470 America (GHAA) Consumer Satisfaction Survey 1
471 STAS 1
472 CSRQ 1
473 Aphasia Quotient 1
474 Joint Mobility with Range of Motion Test 1
475 Memory Quotient 1
476 Intrinsic Motivation Inventory 1
477 Adaptive Digit Ordering Test 1
478 Context Dependent Motor Learning 1
479 Scale of Quality of Life of Care-Givers 1
480 Minute Walk Distance 1
481 Non-Motor Aspects Of Experiences Of Daily Living 1
482 Autonomic Dysfunctions Scale 1
483 Four Point Scale 1
484 Clinical Impression of Severity Index 1
485 King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale 1
486 Basic Psychological Needs Scale 1
487 Voice Handicap Index 1
488 Global Mobility Task 1
489 Mount Sinai Parkinsonism Impairment Rating Scale 1
490 Shannon Diversity Index 1
491 Dysphagia Handicap Index 1
492 Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire 1
493 Hospital Anxiety Scale 1
494 Brunel Mood Scale 1
495 Chronic Illness Resources Survey 1
496 Interpersonal Communication Rating Protocol: Individual Expressive Behavior (Parkinson's Disease Version) 1
497 Qualitative Self-Management Interview 1
498 Social Support Survey 1
499 Genetic Counselling Satisfaction Scale 1
500 SHARE Frailty Instrument 1
501 Leisure Behavior Questionnaire 1
502 Community Balance and Mobility Scale 1
503 Fullerton Senior Fitness Test 1
504 Genetics Knowledge Scale 1
505 Rapid Turns Test 1
506 Northwest Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet 1
507 Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory 1
508 Self-Efficacy for Walking Scale-Duration 1
509 Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index 1
510 Self-Report Habit Index 1
511 Hierarchical Scale of Internality for Elderly People 1